Coughing is a reflex action triggered by some irritant in the respiratory passage. It is intended to expel this irritant as rapidly and forcefully as possible. When the cough reflex is triggered usually by stimulation of the pulmonary irritant receptors lining the lower respiratory tract, the following sequence of events >> Read More ...
Natural Color of Lips The human lips (labia oris) is the junction between the outer facial skin and inner buccal mucosa that lines the mouth cavity. The outer layers are largely similar to skin except that the lips has fewer layers. The color of skin is determined by the amount of natural pigment known as melanin. >> Read More ...
The breasts are modified skin appendages on the chest wall. It is more prominent in post-pubertal females (after puberty) although some young boys and men may experience larger than usual breast size for various medical reasons (gynecomastia). Fat lobules within the breast largely account for its size although during >> Read More ...
What is osteomyelitis? Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone caused mainly by bacteria. The marrow may or may not be involved. Bone is the hardest structure in the human body and often thought to be impermeable to many of the same diseases that affect other parts of the body. However, bone is living tissue that is >> Read More ...
Humans have one mobile jawbone known as the mandible or sometimes commonly referred to as the lower jaw. The corresponding upper bone is part of the skull and know as the maxilla, although it sometimes referred to as the upper jaw. In order for the mouth to open or to bite down or chew, the lower mandible articulates with >> Read More ...
Bowel irritation is one of those common terms used by patients that does not identify a specific symptom or condition. It can describe any number of symptoms including diarrhea, loose or frequent stool that do not fit the specific definition of diarrhea, urgency to defecate, feeling of incomplete evacuation, excessive >> Read More ...
The outer curved part of the eyeball is known as the cornea. It is transparent and overlies the colored iris and the middle aperture known as the pupil (“black of the eye”). The fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris is known as the anterior chamber. Light entering the eye through the cornea is bent >> Read More ...
Elbow Anatomy Elbow pain may arise from any of the several structures making up the elbow or from structures around the elbow. It is important to understand the anatomy of the elbow in order to identify possible causes of elbow pain. The elbow is a complex joint that is responsible for movement in more than one axis. It >> Read More ...
The eyelids are protective flaps that shield the eyes. It also helps to spread out tears over the eye. The eyelids are delicate yet effective shielding structures and is made up of several layers. It is covered by skin with the inside lined by a continuation of the conjunctiva known as the palpebral conjunctiva. Underneath >> Read More ...
The hip is the area on the side of the buttock and is made up of several muscles, tendons, ligaments and bones. Hip pain is mainly due to disorders of the muscles, its tendons and or surrounding ligaments or may be due to the hip joint. The latter is more common and chronic hip joint problems are seen more frequently with >> Read More ...
