The liver, apart from being versatile, is a highly resilient organ. It is able to withstand a range of chemical insults on a daily basis and one of its core functions is to reduce the toxic effect of various noxious substances. Despite its ability to neutralize chemical agents and regenerate more prolifically than many >> Read More ...
A viral infection of the liver is most commonly due to one of the five types of hepatitis viruses – A, B, C, D and E. These viruses are similar in structure, except for hepatitis D, and the pathogenesis is also similar. Some are more likely to cause just an acute infection and resolve, while others are often >> Read More ...
There are five main types of hepatitis viruses that can infect the liver and cause inflammation. Some of these will cause acute inflammation and resolves spontaneously or with minimal treatment and there is no risk of chronic infection. Others may present with an acute phase but chronic infection persists for life and may >> Read More ...
Skeletal muscle are those voluntary muscles that attaches to bones and is responsible for movement of the different body parts. The muscles are active to varying degrees in each individual, which affects its size and structure. The muscles are prone to the same physiological changes and pathological alterations as any >> Read More ...
Viral hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by an infection with the hepatitis virus. There are five such viruses which can lead to an infection of the liver, some of which may progress to a chronic infection or only arise as a sequelae to liver disease. Liver function is affected to various degrees and with acute >> Read More ...
The liver is a versatile organ that metabolizes nutrients, wastes, toxins, drugs and other substances. It has various secondary roles including acting as a reservoir for blood. The liver has a complex architecture involving lobules containing hepatocytes (liver cells) and weighs about 1.6 kg (2.5% of the average adult body >> Read More ...
Muscles are the motor units of the body. This means it makes different body parts move and allows substances to move within the hollow cavities of the body. There are broadly three types of muscles in the human body – skeletal muscle is attached to the bones (voluntary control), smooth muscle within the walls of >> Read More ...
The skin is laden with a rich network of blood vessels that contributes to the complexion particularly in lighter skinned individuals. Vasodilation causes redness of the skin whereas vasoconstriction results in a more pale hue. The face is prone to a phenomenon known as blushing where certain stimuli, particularly >> Read More ...
Pain is a sensation of discomfort that can vary from being mild to moderate or severe. Apart from the suffering of the patient, pain is a warning signal that some part of the body is undergoing damage and appropriate action, where possible, needs to be taken. Therefore pain is a protective mechanism. Pain itself is a >> Read More ...
The mucosal epithelium lining the nasal passages ensures that a constant supply of mucus maintains the health of upper respiratory tract. The movement of air has a drying effect so the mucus keeps the area moistened. Dust and airborne microbes are trapped in the mucus and not allowed to travel deeper into the respiratory >> Read More ...
