The sensation of burning in the stomach area, whether it is a feeling of mild discomfort or pain, may be related to gastrointestinal causes, particularly of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum (first part of the small intestine). However, there are various other causes of pain or discomfort in this area that may not be >> Read More ...
What is staging and grading of cancer? Staging of a cancer is the method of establishing the extent or severity of the cancer and its spread in the body. Staging considers factors like the primary tumor location, tumor size, lymph node involvement and presence of metastasis. Staging is done by an oncologist in conjunction >> Read More ...
What is Cancer? Cancer can be considered as a disease acquired from genetic damage that disturbs the mechanisms that maintain normal cellular behavior, disrupt the normal control of cell division and death, and result in abnormal growth. Cancer or malignancy differs from a benign tumor in the rate and pattern of growth as >> Read More ...
The throat (pharynx) is the conduit for air, food and drinks to pass between the environment and the respiratory or gastrointestinal system. Problems in the throat may give rise to a number of signs or symptoms. In addition, given its close interaction with neighboring structures – the mouth, nasal cavity, larynx and >> Read More ...
Hearing loss may be partial or complete (deafness). Conditions affecting the outer ear and middle ear may affect the conduction of sound and is therefore known as conductive hearing loss. Another type of impairment is sensorineural hearing loss, which affects the conversion of mechanical sounds waves into electrical >> Read More ...
The nose plays a significant role in respiration (breathing) and the nasal cavity contain the sensory organs for smell. Any disorder affecting the nose can affect both smell and breathing, although the latter may not be significantly impaired as air can pass through the mouth. Most nose problems will present with one or >> Read More ...
What are Corticosteroids? Corticosteroids belong to a group of naturally-occurring steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal gland. This is the small gland that is located on top of each kidney and consists of an outer layer called the cortex and the inner core known as the medulla. The cortex of the adrenal gland >> Read More ...
Ear pain, often referred to as an earache, is one of the more common ear problems. The intensity can vary from mild discomfort o a dull ache or even severe pain. Common causes of earache usually result in acute pain although there are may causes of recurrent or persistent pain. An earache may be insiduous – it may >> Read More ...
The human ear can be divided into 3 parts – external, middle and internal – with each part playing an integral role in the sense of hearing, while the internal ear has an added function for equilibrium. The external (outer) and middle ear transmit sound waves to the internal (inner) ear. Here mechanical sound >> Read More ...
The ear (inner, middle and outer) is responsible both for the sense of hearing and for equilibrium. The outer and middle ear transfers sound waves to the inner ear. The vestibulocochlear organ in the inner ear is involved with reception of sound as well as maintaining balance (equilibrium). Therefore, conditions affecting >> Read More ...
