The retroperitoneal space is the area outside the peritoneum at the back of the abdominal cavity. A retroperitoneal abscess is a collection of pus in this retroperitoneal space. It can develop due to spread of an infection from adjacent organs or an infection of the blood as is seen with other types of intra-abdominal >> Read More ...
Is it premenstrual syndrome (PMS)? There are no specific findings on physical examination, laboratory tests, or imaging techniques that can help in the diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Diagnosis is done by elimination of other likely causes, which may be aided by a physical examination, including a pelvic >> Read More ...
What is hypoparathyroidism? Hypoparathyroidism is the term for a low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) due to underactivity of the parathyroid gland. Since PTH is an important regulator of calcium and phosphate levels in the body, a deficiency will lead to low calcium and high phosphate levels. This may result in a >> Read More ...
What are heart sounds? The heart sounds are the normal sounds that is made by the activity of the heart and heard with a stethoscope placed on the chest wall (auscultation). This sounds like a “lub, dub” and is associated with the beating heart (contraction and relaxation) and the flow of blood through the >> Read More ...
What is endocarditis? Endocarditis is the medical term for inflammation of the inner heart wall (endocardium) and heart valves. The middle muscular layer of the heart known as the myocardium may also be affected (myocarditis). When the endocardium and myocardium are both inflamed, the condition is known as endomyocarditis. >> Read More ...
What is hyperparathyroidism? Hyperparathyroidism is the medical term for overactivity of the parathyroid gland, the four small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. Since the parathyroid gland regulates the calcium and phosphate in the body, any abnormal functioning will ultimately impact on these >> Read More ...
The parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid gland, four small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. The hormone is regulated by the calcium and phosphate levels in the blood and acts primarily on the bone and kidneys to increase circulating levels of calcium. Over- or underactivity >> Read More ...
What is PMS? Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS for short, is a combination of severe symptoms that occur every month before menstruation. It is also known as premenstrual tension or PMT. Most women notice a change in their mood or physical state before the onset of menstruation (period). These symptoms may not be the same >> Read More ...
What is the parathyroid gland? The parathyroid glands are four small glands located on the thyroid gland which synthesize and secrete the parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is an endocrine gland that regulates the calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood and bone. Most people have four separate parathyroid glands although >> Read More ...
Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as sugar diabetes, is a growing problem globally associated with with a ‘modern lifestyle’, a term used to describe lack of exercise, diet high in saturated fats and refined carbohydrates and prolonged levels of stress. Diabetes mellitus is essentially a disorder with >> Read More ...
