Light entering the eye has to be refracted (bent) so that a sharp image can be focused on the retina of the eye. The retina is the photosensitive inner layer of the eye that converts the light into nerve impulses. Via the optic nerve, these impulses are relayed to the brain and is perceived as the sense of vision. The >> Read More ...
The clarity of vision (acuity) is dependent on the refraction of parallel light rays and the sharp focus of this light on the retina. Normally the ciliary muscles of the lens can remain relaxed and distant objects can be seen clearly, albeit small depending on the distance. This normal vision is known as emmetropia. To see >> Read More ...
Screening for osteoporosis in high risk groups like postmenopausal women, elderly men, or patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy is always advisable for early detection. Management of osteoporosis also requires recording of the baseline values of parameters for monitoring the progress of osteoporosis therapy. The >> Read More ...
The eye has a rich blood supply similar to other highly active parts of the body. The retina which is the photosensitive inner layer of the eyeball responds to light stimuli and generates impulses that travel via the optic nerve to the brain. This accounts for the sense of vision. The central retinal artery supplies blood >> Read More ...
What is a spinal cord injury? A spinal cord injury is a medical emergency which requires immediate treatment. It may occur due to direct trauma to the spinal cord itself or indirectly as a result of damage of the bones and soft tissues surrounding it. In any serious accident, a spinal cord injury should be assumed to be >> Read More ...
What is arthritis? Arthritis is the term for inflammation of the joint. It is usually characterized by pain and stiffness of the joint. While arthritis is more frequently seen in the elderly and often associated with wear and tear on the joint, it can also afflict young people and even children. The two more common types >> Read More ...
The tailbone (coccyx) is the terminal part of the vertebral column – the collection of bones (vertebrae) that surround the spinal cord. It is referred to as the tailbone because of its appearance and since in the adult it is just a remnant of the actual tail-like protrusion in early fetal life (caudal eminence). >> Read More ...
What is sexual health? According to the World Health Organization, sexual health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. It requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, >> Read More ...
The esophagus is the part of the alimentary tract that connects the throat to the stomach. A bolus of food is propelled down the esophagus and enters the stomach when it pushes past the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The one-way flow mechanism largely controlled by the LES and mouth-to-anus direction of peristaltic >> Read More ...
The small intestine, also referred to as the small bowel, extends from the stomach to the large intestine. It is the longest portion of the human alimentary tract and measures approximately 6 meters (20 feet). The small intestine is an important site of both digestion and absorption of nutrients. It has three parts – >> Read More ...
