The eye has two main areas which are filled with different substances. The anterior segment (front) which constitutes about 20% of the area is filled with a clear watery fluid know as the aqueous humor. It lies between the cornea and the front surface of the lens. The posterior segment (back) which accounts for the >> Read More ...
Contamination of food and water with Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been a problem that has plagued mankind throughout time. These species of bacteria naturally reside in the bowels of humans and animals and there is a number of ways that it may contaminate food and water. Of the different strains of E.coli, it is the >> Read More ...
The sinus cavities, proper term paranasal sinuses, are hollow air-filled cavities in the skull located around the nasal cavity. These rather unassuming pockets in the skull bone may have several important functions and are also prone to diseases that affect the nasal cavity. All the paranasal sinuses are connected to >> Read More ...
Light enters the eye through the transparent cornea and passes through the pupil, the diameter of which is determined by the iris. It then passes through the lens of the eye which bends the light (refraction) to focus it on the back of the retina. The image projected on the retina stimulates receptors that transmits >> Read More ...
The human eye consists of the eyeball, optic nerve, orbit and appendages (eyelids, extraocular muscles and lacrimal glands). While the eyeball is the actual sensory organ, the other parts of of the eye are equally important in maintaining the health and function of the eye as a whole. The structure of the human eye is such >> Read More ...
The thyroid gland is the main regulator if the body’s metabolism. By the action of its thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine), the thyroid gland is able to stimulate metabolic activity, prompting the cells to take up more glucose from the bloodstream and break it down to yield energy. In the process, >> Read More ...
The cell is the basic functional in a human meaning that it is a self-contained and fully operational living entity. Humans are multicellular organisms with various different types of cells that work together to sustain life. Other non-cellular components in the body include water, macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, >> Read More ...
Peripheral nerves are those nerves that lie outside of the central nervous system or CNS (brain and spinal cord). These nerves may carry sensory information (sensory nerves) to the CNS or motor signals (motor nerves) to the muscle. Nerves are a collection of neurons, the basic nerve cell, and like any part of the body it >> Read More ...
Hyperthyroidism is the state of a hyperfunctioning thyroid gland commonly referred to as an overactive thyroid gland. In this state, the thyroid gland produces and secretes excessive quantities of thyroid hormones (thyrotoxicosis). Hyperthyroidism is due to a number of causes but over 70% of the cases are a result of >> Read More ...
The metabolism is all the chemical reactions that occur in the body to sustain life. In the process heat is generated as energy is expended. A measure of the amount of heat generated over time is a direct indication of the energy expenditure and this is known as the metabolic rate. The process of energy production requires >> Read More ...
